Steven Sklifas - Writer Photographer

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  • Part view of the unique Teatro Marittimo or maritime Theatre, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The theatre has a circular Ionic marble columned portico that rings an artificial lagoon that encloses a small island reached only by a means of two retractable wooden swing bridges. This island was a private retreat for Hadrian where he could escape the cares of the empire to write poetry and paint. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_172.tif
  • Part view of the unique Teatro Marittimo or maritime Theatre, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The theatre has a circular Ionic marble columned portico that rings an artificial lagoon that encloses a small island reached only by a means of two retractable wooden swing bridges. This island was a private retreat for Hadrian where he could escape the cares of the empire to write poetry and paint. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_174.tif
  • Part view of the unique Teatro Marittimo or maritime Theatre, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The theatre has a circular Ionic marble columned portico that rings an artificial lagoon that encloses a small island reached only by a means of two retractable wooden swing bridges. This island was a private retreat for Hadrian where he could escape the cares of the empire to write poetry and paint. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_173.tif
  • Part view of the unique Teatro Marittimo or maritime Theatre, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The theatre has a circular Ionic marble columned portico that rings an artificial lagoon that encloses a small island reached only by a means of two retractable wooden swing bridges. This island was a private retreat for Hadrian where he could escape the cares of the empire to write poetry and paint.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_175.tif
  • Part view of the unique Teatro Marittimo or maritime Theatre, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The theatre has a circular Ionic marble columned portico that rings an artificial lagoon that encloses a small island reached only by a means of two retractable wooden swing bridges. This island was a private retreat for Hadrian where he could escape the cares of the empire to write poetry and paint.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_171.tif
  • Part view of the unique Teatro Marittimo or maritime Theatre, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The theatre has a circular Ionic marble columned portico that rings an artificial lagoon that encloses a small island reached only by a means of two retractable wooden swing bridges. This island was a private retreat for Hadrian where he could escape the cares of the empire to write poetry and paint.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_036.tif
  • Part view of the unique Teatro Marittimo or maritime Theatre, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The theatre has a circular Ionic marble columned portico that rings an artificial lagoon that encloses a small island reached only by a means of two retractable wooden swing bridges. This island was a private retreat for Hadrian where he could escape the cares of the empire to write poetry and paint.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_002.tif
  • Caryatid copies from the Athenian Erechtheion lining the Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_065.tif
  • View of the curved north end of the monumental mystical Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_028.tif
  • View of the curved north end of the monumental mystical Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_027.tif
  • The rear of the Casino of Semicircular Arcades. Hadrian's Villa. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_010.tif
  • The Temple to Venus of Cnidus with replica Aphrodite statue, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The temple was modelled on the Greek Temple in Knidos which featured the celebrated 4th century BC statue of Aphrodite by Greek master Praxiteles. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_004.tif
  • The Imperial Palace Summer Triclinium (Triclinio Estivo) with a half-dome decorated by niches, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_140.tif
  • View across to the entrance Vestibulum of the Piazza d'Oro or Golden Square, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The complex is a vast rectangular area, consists of a peristyle that is an uncovered rectangular colonnaded court with a long basin in its centre flanked by two hedges. There were a series of rooms, courts, exedra and nymphaea and a Triclinium on its sides.  It has been believed to been used for banquets and important gatherings, however recent thoughts interpret it as having been a stoa with libraries similar to the Stoa built in Athens by Hadrian in the same period. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_130.tif
  • The Hall of the Doric Pillars or Edificio con Pilastri Dorici, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  This is an open area surrounded by a vaulted portico with fluted pillars in the Doric order. Originally the rectangular portico had 8 pillars on its short side and twelve on its long side. It has a refined epistyle of the Ionic order, a Doric frieze with metopes and triglyphs in an archaic style. It is believed the structure connected the east and west parts of the villa. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_125.tif
  • View of the ruins of the Praetorium, an imperial residential area. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa; built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat; is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_113.tif
  • View of the ruins of the Vestibulum, which was the main entrance to Hadrian’s Villa. Tivoli. Italy. Within it there would have been several elegant porticoed courtyards. Hadrian’s villa, a summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_106.tif
  • East side of the great or large baths thermae. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The great or large baths were a simpler design to the small baths and were probably used by visitors and servants. The small baths nearby were reserved for use by the emperor alone. Hadrian’s villa, a summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_087.tif
  • View of the Serapeum; a monumental triclinium at the south end of the Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Serapeum is a monumental triclinium with a shell-shaped half-dome formerly covered with mosaics above a semicircular open-air summer banqueting table. The Canopus which is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and adorned with columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa; built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat; is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_081.tif
  • View of the curved north end of the monumental mystical Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_060.tif
  • View of the curved north end of the monumental mystical Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_056.tif
  • The Temple to Venus of Cnidus with replica Aphrodite statue, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The temple was modelled on the Greek Temple in Knidos which featured the celebrated 4th century BC statue of Aphrodite by Greek master Praxiteles. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_181.tif
  • The Temple to Venus of Cnidus with replica Aphrodite statue, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The temple was modelled on the Greek Temple in Knidos which featured the celebrated 4th century BC statue of Aphrodite by Greek master Praxiteles. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_180.tif
  • View of a section of the Garden Stadium, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  The Garden- Stadium was not an actual athletic arena but an internal garden with fountains and an open-air Triclinium. Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_170.tif
  • View of a section of the Garden Stadium, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  The Garden- Stadium was not an actual athletic arena but an internal garden with fountains and an open-air Triclinium. Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_169.tif
  • The Thermae con Heliocaminus which are the oldest baths at Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_164.tif
  • Hospital common hall with black and white mosaic floor, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  The Hospitalia was reserved for visitors and the imperial Guard. Decorated with beautiful black and white mosaics, it has a vast rectangular central hall, flanked, on both sides by two groups of 5 bedrooms. Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_158.tif
  • North side of the Imperial Triclinium is a great hall decorated with a mosaic floor and columns, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_152.tif
  • Imperial Palace peristyle portico with rooms with view of Tivoli town in background. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_147.tif
  • Imperial Palace room with threes isles dedicated to imperial business, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_146.tif
  • Imperial Palace Nymphaeum with semicircular water staircase, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_144.tif
  • The exedra of the Imperial Palace Nymphaeum, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_142.tif
  • The summer triclinium of the of Piazza d'Oro, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_137.tif
  • Portico columns in the great central exedra of the Piazza d'Oro, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_135.tif
  • Portico columns in the great central exedra of the Piazza d'Oro, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_134.tif
  • The Hall of the Doric Pillars or Edificio con Pilastri Dorici, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  This is an open area surrounded by a vaulted portico with fluted pillars in the Doric order. Originally the rectangular portico had 8 pillars on its short side and twelve on its long side. It has a refined epistyle of the Ionic order, a Doric frieze with metopes and triglyphs in an archaic style. It is believed the structure connected the east and west parts of the villa. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_126.tif
  • View of the remains of the Winter Palace large colonnaded courtyard or Peschiera. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. It originally had a portico of 40 marble columns surrounding a large reflecting pool with alternating semi-circular and rectangle niches that would have contained statues that have since been looted. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_124.tif
  • View of the remains of the Winter Palace large colonnaded courtyard or Peschiera. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. It originally had a portico of 40 marble columns surrounding a large reflecting pool with alternating semi-circular and rectangle niches that would have contained statues that have since been looted. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_121.tif
  • View of the remains of the Winter Palace large colonnaded courtyard or Peschiera. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. It originally had a portico of 40 marble columns surrounding a large reflecting pool with alternating semi-circular and rectangle niches that would have contained statues that have since been looted. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_119.tif
  • Great Baths and the Vestibulum, which provided access to the baths and different quarters of Hadrian’s Villa, Tivoli Italy. Within it there would have been several elegant porticoed courtyards. Hadrian’s villa, a summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_116.tif
  • View of the ruins of the Praetorium, an imperial residential area. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa; built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat; is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_112.tif
  • View of the ruins of the Praetorium, an imperial residential area. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa; built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat; is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_111.tif
  • Praetorium substructures supporting the hill side east of the Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa; built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat; is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_110.tif
  • Ruins of the great or large baths thermae. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The great or large baths were a simpler design to the small baths and were probably used by visitors and servants. The small baths nearby were reserved for use by the emperor alone. Hadrian’s villa, a summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_107.tif
  • View to the Vestibulum north side which had monumental staircase and was the main entrance of Hadrian’s villa, Tivoli, Italy. Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_105.tif
  • The Cento Camerelle or Hundred Chambers Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The small rooms are believed to have housed servants and imperial guards. Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_104.tif
  • The rear of the Casino of Semicircular Arcades. Hadrian's Villa. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_102.tif
  • The exedra of the Imperial Palace Nymphaeum, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_094.tif
  • The ruins of the tower of Roccabruna. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The tower may have been used by Hadrian as an astronomic observatory to view the stars. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_085.tif
  • Side structure of the Serapeum; a colossal triclinium at the south end of the Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Serapeum is a monumental triclinium with a shell-shaped half-dome formerly covered with mosaics above a semicircular open-air summer banqueting table. The Canopus which is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and adorned with columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa; built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat; is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_084.tif
  • Side structure of the Serapeum; a colossal triclinium at the south end of the Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Serapeum is a monumental triclinium with a shell-shaped half-dome formerly covered with mosaics above a semicircular open-air summer banqueting table. The Canopus which is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and adorned with columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa; built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat; is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_083.tif
  • View of the Serapeum; a monumental triclinium at the south end of the Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Serapeum is a monumental triclinium with a shell-shaped half-dome formerly covered with mosaics above a semicircular open-air summer banqueting table. The Canopus which is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and adorned with columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa; built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat; is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_078.tif
  • Copies of the caryatids from the Athenian Erechtheion flanked by silenus figures lining the Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. It is believed to have been inspired by the canal that linked Alexandria in Egypt to ancient Canopus which was a sanctuary of the God Serapis. Another theory is that is actually representing the Mediterranean as it includes elements from the region including copies of the caryatids from the Erechtheion in Athens and two Amazons that adorned the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus sculpted by Phidias, the ancient Greek sculptor. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_076.tif
  • View of the curved north end of the monumental mystical Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. It is believed to have been inspired by the canal that linked Alexandria in Egypt to ancient Canopus which was a sanctuary of the God Serapis. Another theory is that is actually representing the Mediterranean as it includes elements from the region including copies of the caryatids from the Erechtheion in Athens and two Amazons that adorned the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus sculpted by Phidias, the ancient Greek sculptor. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_061.tif
  • View of the curved north end of the monumental mystical Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_057.tif
  • View of the curved north end of the monumental mystical Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_046.tif
  • Ruins of the great or large baths thermae. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The great or large baths were a simpler design to the small baths and were probably used by visitors and servants. The small baths nearby were reserved for use by the emperor alone. Hadrian’s villa, a summer imperial retreat, is vast open-air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_043.tif
  • View of the curved north end of the monumental mystical Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_044.tif
  • The North wall of the Pecile, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  The Pecile is a monumental rectangular peristyle which was inspired by the Stoa Poikile of Athens. Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open-air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_037.tif
  • The North wall of the Pecile, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  The Pecile is a monumental rectangular peristyle which was inspired by the Stoa Poikile of Athens. Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_035.tif
  • The Temple to Venus of Cnidus with replica Aphrodite statue, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The temple was modelled on the Greek Temple in Knidos which featured the celebrated 4th century BC statue of Aphrodite by Greek master Praxiteles. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_024.tif
  • View of the ruins of the Praetorium, an imperial residential area. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa; built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat; is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_017.tif
  • North side of the Imperial Triclinium is a great hall decorated with a mosaic floor and columns, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_014.tif
  • View of the curved north end of the monumental mystical Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_005.tif
  • View of the curved north end of the monumental mystical Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_001.tif
  • The Temple to Venus of Cnidus with replica Aphrodite statue, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The temple was modelled on the Greek Temple in Knidos which featured the celebrated 4th century BC statue of Aphrodite by Greek master Praxiteles. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_183.tif
  • The Temple to Venus of Cnidus with replica Aphrodite statue, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The temple was modelled on the Greek Temple in Knidos which featured the celebrated 4th century BC statue of Aphrodite by Greek master Praxiteles. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_182.tif
  • The Temple to Venus of Cnidus with replica Aphrodite statue, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The temple was modelled on the Greek Temple in Knidos which featured the celebrated 4th century BC statue of Aphrodite by Greek master Praxiteles. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_179.tif
  • The Temple to Venus of Cnidus with replica Aphrodite statue, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The temple was modelled on the Greek Temple in Knidos which featured the celebrated 4th century BC statue of Aphrodite by Greek master Praxiteles. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_178.tif
  • View of the grand Philosophers' Hall, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Hall is thought to have been a large throne room where the emperor held audiences and met in council with court luminaries. It is a vast rectangular hall with a large apse and was extravagantly decorated with precious marble and the seven niches on the back wall were adorned with statues of philosophers. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_176.tif
  • View of the grand Philosophers' Hall, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Hall is thought to have been a large throne room where the emperor held audiences and met in council with court luminaries. It is a vast rectangular hall with a large apse and was extravagantly decorated with precious marble and the seven niches on the back wall were adorned with statues of philosophers. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_177.tif
  • View of a section of the Garden Stadium, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  The Garden- Stadium was not an actual athletic arena but an internal garden with fountains and an open-air Triclinium. Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_168.tif
  • The Thermae con Heliocaminus which are the oldest baths at Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_167.tif
  • The Thermae con Heliocaminus which are the oldest baths at Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_166.tif
  • The Thermae con Heliocaminus which are the oldest baths at Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_165.tif
  • The Thermae con Heliocaminus which are the oldest baths at Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_163.tif
  • Hospital room decorated with black and white mosaic floor, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  The Hospitalia was reserved for visitors and the imperial Guard. Decorated with beautiful black and white mosaics, it has a vast rectangular central hall, flanked, on both sides by two groups of 5 bedrooms. Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_160.tif
  • Hospital room decorated with black and white mosaic floor, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  The Hospitalia was reserved for visitors and the imperial Guard. Decorated with beautiful black and white mosaics, it has a vast rectangular central hall, flanked, on both sides by two groups of 5 bedrooms. Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_159.tif
  • Hospital common hall with black and white mosaic floor, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  The Hospitalia was reserved for visitors and the imperial Guard. Decorated with beautiful black and white mosaics, it has a vast rectangular central hall, flanked, on both sides by two groups of 5 bedrooms. Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_157.tif
  • View of the vast central hall with side rooms of the Hospital, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  The Hospitalia was reserved for visitors and the imperial Guard. Decorated with beautiful black and white mosaics, it has a vast rectangular central hall, flanked, on both sides by two groups of 5 bedrooms. Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_156.tif
  • North side of the Imperial Triclinium is a great hall decorated with a mosaic floor and columns, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_153.tif
  • North side of the Imperial Triclinium is a great hall decorated with a mosaic floor and columns, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_154.tif
  • North side of the Imperial Triclinium is a great hall decorated with a mosaic floor and columns, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_155.tif
  • The ruins of the Latin Library (Biblioteca Latina) and the Libraries garden courtyard, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_151.tif
  • The ruins of the Greek Library (Biblioteca Greca), Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_150.tif
  • Imperial Palace peristyle portico with rooms with view of Tivoli town in background. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_148.tif
  • The exedra of the Imperial Palace Nymphaeum, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_145.tif
  • The exedra of the Imperial Palace Nymphaeum, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_143.tif
  • The exedra of the Imperial Palace Nymphaeum, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_141.tif
  • Facade of the Firemen’s Headquarters (Caserma dei Vigili), Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_139.tif
  • View of Tivoli from the summer triclinium of the of Piazza d'Oro, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_138.tif
  • The summer triclinium of the of Piazza d'Oro, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_136.tif
  • The canal along the main axis of the central courtyard of the Piazza d'Oro or Golden Square, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The complex is a vast rectangular area, consisting of a peristyle that is an uncovered rectangular colonnaded court with a long basin in its centre flanked by two hedges. There were a series of rooms, courts, exedra and nymphaea and a Triclinium on its sides.  It has been believed to been used for banquets and important gatherings, however recent thoughts interpret it as having been a stoa with libraries similar to the Stoa built in Athens by Hadrian in the same period. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_133.tif
  • The canal along the main axis of the central courtyard of the Piazza d'Oro or Golden Square, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The complex is a vast rectangular area, consisting of a peristyle that is an uncovered rectangular colonnaded court with a long basin in its centre flanked by two hedges. There were a series of rooms, courts, exedra and nymphaea and a Triclinium on its sides.  It has been believed to been used for banquets and important gatherings, however recent thoughts interpret it as having been a stoa with libraries similar to the Stoa built in Athens by Hadrian in the same period. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_132.tif
  • View across to the entrance Vestibulum of the Piazza d'Oro or Golden Square, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The complex is a vast rectangular area, consists of a peristyle that is an uncovered rectangular colonnaded court with a long basin in its centre flanked by two hedges. There were a series of rooms, courts, exedra and nymphaea and a Triclinium on its sides.  It has been believed to been used for banquets and important gatherings, however recent thoughts interpret it as having been a stoa with libraries similar to the Stoa built in Athens by Hadrian in the same period. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_131.tif
  • The Hall of the Doric Pillars or Edificio con Pilastri Dorici, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  This is an open area surrounded by a vaulted portico with fluted pillars in the Doric order. Originally the rectangular portico had 8 pillars on its short side and twelve on its long side. It has a refined epistyle of the Ionic order, a Doric frieze with metopes and triglyphs in an archaic style. It is believed the structure connected the east and west parts of the villa. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_128.tif
  • The Hall of the Doric Pillars or Edificio con Pilastri Dorici, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  This is an open area surrounded by a vaulted portico with fluted pillars in the Doric order. Originally the rectangular portico had 8 pillars on its short side and twelve on its long side. It has a refined epistyle of the Ionic order, a Doric frieze with metopes and triglyphs in an archaic style. It is believed the structure connected the east and west parts of the villa. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_127.tif
  • View of the remains of the Winter Palace large colonnaded courtyard or Peschiera. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. It originally had a portico of 40 marble columns surrounding a large reflecting pool with alternating semi-circular and rectangle niches that would have contained statues that have since been looted. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_123.tif
  • View of the remains of the Winter Palace large colonnaded courtyard or Peschiera. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. It originally had a portico of 40 marble columns surrounding a large reflecting pool with alternating semi-circular and rectangle niches that would have contained statues that have since been looted. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_120.tif
  • View of the remains of the Winter Palace large colonnaded courtyard or Peschiera. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. It originally had a portico of 40 marble columns surrounding a large reflecting pool with alternating semi-circular and rectangle niches that would have contained statues that have since been looted. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_122.tif
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