Steven Sklifas - Writer Photographer

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  • Ptolemais. Cyrenaica. Libya. View of restored columns at the Greek Agora / marketplace and which was later used as forum by the Romans. The two tall ionic columns in the rear of image belonged to a temple which may have been dedicated to the Capitoline Triad (Jupiter, Juni and Minerva). Below the Agora are reservoirs / cisterns that were originally built by the Greeks to store water that arrived via an aqueduct from mountain springs 25 kilometres away.
    Libya_Ptolemais_001.tif
  • Ptolemais. Cyrenaica. Libya. View of the columns and ruins of the impressive Columned Palace or Villa of the Columns which occupied over 600 sq m and included a central peristyle or two level galleried courtyard with a sunken swimming pool. Originally dating from the 2nd century BC the building remains essentially Greek, even though the complex was remodelled over the course of time especially during the Roman period.
    Libya_Ptolemais_002.tif
  • Ptolemais. Cyrenaica. Libya. View of the columned ruins of Roman Villa of the Four Seasons which dates from the 4th century AD. The beautiful Four Season mosaic in the museum was found here.
    Libya_Ptolemais_013.tif
  • Ptolemais. Cyrenaica. Libya. View of a sand stone block with an ancient Greek inscription carved into it along the once paved decumanus also known as monumental road which was the premier address of the ancient city. Founded in the 4th century BC, Ptolemais is located on the site of the port or harbour of Barca, an ancient 7th century BC Greek colony situated between the Mediterranean Sea and the steep slopes of the Cyrenaica plateau.
    Libya_Ptolemais_004.tif
  • Rome. Italy. The ancient Roman road known as The Appian Way (Via Appia Antica) located in the Park of the Appia Antica in Southern Rome.
    Appia_Antica_Rome_Italy_006.tif
  • View of the north entrance tunnel to arena of the amphitheatre which was built in 80 BC, Pompeii Italy. The amphitheatre was used for sports and gladiatorial contests, hunts and battles with wild animals.  It was enlarged by the Romans due to the spectacles becoming so popular. The stadium seats 20,000 spectators.
    Pompeii_Italy_195.tif
  • Pompeii_Italy_175.tif
  • Paestum. Campania. Italy.  View of the west short side panel mural painting from the famous tomb of the Diver (Tomba del Tuffatore) from the Tempa del Prete necropolis. This panel depicts a cortege made up of a naked young man with a short blue cape, preceded by a flute playing young girl and followed by an older beared man leaning on a staff.  Dating from 480 - 470 BC, the murals are possibly the only extant examples of Greek painting.  The four panels forming the coffin represent scenes of banquets, dancing and games. The fifth panel, the cover, shows a naked youth executing a prefect dive into a blue sea. The dive is thought to symbolize the passage from life to the death.
    Paestum_Italy_087.tif
  • Paestum. Italy. The south side of the Temple of Hera (or the Basilica) located in the southern sanctuary of the ancient city. This is the oldest of the three temples here with work beginning around 550 BC and completing around 520 BC. Built of local limestone, the temples colonnade is still standing and consists of 50 fluted Doric columns, nine at the ends and 18 along the sides.
    Paestum_Italy_074.tif
  • Paestum. Campania. Italy.  View of a Doric column capital of the Temple of Athena (of Ceres) located in the northern end of the site. The capital consists of the necking, the echinus and the abacus which is the square shaped flat block. Dating from 500 BC, the temple is the smallest of the three temples at Paestum and consisted of 34 fluted Doric columns - 6 by 13. The Temple is somewhat unique in that the inside porch was fronted by eight Ionic columns, which was the first time in Greek architecture that the Doric and Ionic styles were combined.
    Paestum_Italy_033.tif
  • Ostia Antica. Lazio. Italy.  View of a modern wall in which marble pediment fragments have been placed of the 1st century BC Temple of Roma and Augustus. This view is of the rear of the temple and it includes the statue of Victory to the left that may have adorned the ridge of the roof of the temple.
    Ostia_Antica_Italy_126.tif
  • Ostia Antica. Lazio. Italy.  View from the forum of the Capitolium, the ancient town’s most important temple and dedicated to the main Roman deities, Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. Dominating the Forum and built during the reign of Emperor Hadrian (117-138 AD), the prostyle hexastyle building pronaos is reached by a wide flight of steps which had six fluted white marble columns which provided an entrance to the rectangular cells.
    Ostia_Antica_Italy_124.tif
  • Ostia Antica. Lazio. Italy. View along the lower Decumanus Maximus heading north away from the Porta Sea towards the centre of the city.
    Ostia_Antica_Italy_120.tif
  • Ostia Antica. Lazio. Italy. View of statue of a female figure at the Baths of the Christian Basilica. The well carved statue adorned with a cornucopia, was found at the Christian Basilica and perhaps a statue of Fortuna, Goddess of Fate, Fortune, Luck and the unpredictability of life.
    Ostia_Antica_Italy_117.tif
  • Ostia Antica. Lazio. Italy. View of a marble statue of a naked resting male figure which is a romanticized portrait sculpture of C. Cartilius Poplicola a prominent figure in Ostia in the first century BC. The statue is on the pronaos of the Temple of Hercules Victor or Tempio di Ercole dating from the end of the 2nd century AD and the largest temple in the sacred area of three Republican temples.  In the background are the ruins of a Republican tetrastyle Temple from the same date, possibly dedicated to Aesculapius and Hygieia, deities of health.
    Ostia_Antica_Italy_055.tif
  • View of abandoned great 5th century BC cylindrical blocks at the quarries of Cave de Cusa which were to be used as Column Drums. The Quarry provided all the Masonry for the Temples at Selinunte.
    Selinunte_Sicily_Italy_077.tif
  • View of an abandoned great 5th century BC cylindrical block at the quarries of Cave de Cusa which was to be used as Column Drums. The Quarry provided all the Masonry for the Temples at Selinunte.
    Selinunte_Sicily_Italy_066.tif
  • Selinunte. Sicily. Italy. View of the east front of the Greek Doric Temple E which dates from 460 – 450 BC and is dedicated to Greek Goddess Hera, wife of Zeus. The Peripteral hexastyle Temple was partially restored in the 1950’s and contains fragments of the original white finish which would have made it glow and visible from far off in ancient times.
    Selinunte_Sicily_Italy_003.tif
  • Segesta. Sicily. Italy. View from the Greek Theatre which stands on the highest part of the ancient city at about 400 metres on the cliffs of Mount Barbaro. The theatre has a stunning backdrop overlooking the beautiful panorama of the Segestan territory which is dominated by Mount Inici. Segesta is located in eastern Sicily, the Mediterranean’s largest Island.
    Segesta_Sicily_Italy_018.tif
  • Segesta. Sicily. Italy. View from the rear of the Greek Theatre which stands on the highest part of the ancient city at about 400 metres on the cliffs of Mount Barbaro.
    Segesta_Sicily_Italy_012.tif
  • Himera. Sicily. Italy. View of wall separating the cella from opisthodomos in the rear of the Temple of Victory which dates from around 470 BC. In the distance is the imposing Monte San Calogero. The Temple was built to honour the crushing defeat of the Carthaginians by the Greeks here in 480 BC. The Greek Doric peripteral and hexastyle Temple originally had 14 columns at the sides and six in front, of which only the crepidoma or stepped platform, lower part of the columns and part of the cella walls survive.
    Himera_Sicily_Italy_021.tif
  • Eraclea Minoa. Sicily. Italy. View of the Ancient Greek theatre which dates from the 4th century BC. The soft sandstone of the theatre is protected by a perplex cover and it retains 10 rows of its seats. Herakleia Minoa was founded in the 6th BC by settlers from the earlier Greek settlement of Selinunte, 60 kilometres away. By the end of the 1st century BC it was totally abandoned.
    Eraclea_Minoa_Sicily_Italy_009.tif
  • Agrigento. Sicily. Italy.  A short distance from the east façade Temple of Olympian Zeus are the ruins of the enormous high altar, measuring 54,50 metre x 17,50 metres.
    Agrigento_Sicily_Italy_074.tif
  • Agrigento. Sicily. Italy.  View of the front of the magnificent Greek Doric Temple of Concord or Tempio della Concordia at the Valley of the Temples. Dating from around 430 BC, the Temple has all of its original 34 local shell limestone columns still standing in a peripteral hexastyle plan of 6 by 13 columns, only the ceiling and roof are missing.
    Agrigento_Sicily_Italy_018.tif
  • Agrigento. Sicily. Italy.  View of the front of the magnificent Greek Doric Temple of Concord or Tempio della Concordia at the Valley of the Temples. Dating from around 430 BC, the Temple has all of its original 34 local shell limestone columns still standing in a peripteral hexastyle plan of 6 by 13 columns, only the ceiling and roof are missing.
    Agrigento_Sicily_Italy_012.tif
  • Apollonia. Libya.  View of the Central church or Basilica of Apollonia. The Basilica main sanctuary is flanked with columns of white marble adorned with Byzantine crosses.
    Libya_Apollonia_006.tif
  • Aphrodisias. Turkey. Western view of the stadium, which is the largest and best preserved stadium in the ancient world. Dating from the 1st century AD, the stadium is some 270 metres long (900 ft.) and it’s almost complete stone marble seating held more than 30,000 spectators. It was mainly used for athletic com competitions and athlete’s entered the arena via tunnels at each end of the stadium. The ancient classical city of Aphrodisias is one of the most rewarding and evocative Greco-Roman archaeological sites in Turkey.
    Turkey_Aphrodisias_065.tif
  • Aphrodisias. Turkey. View of the Tetrapylon, a monumental ceremonial gate dating from the 2nd century AD. The gate is composed of four sets of four Corinthian columns which are fluted and support elaborate detailed pediments. The ancient classical city of Aphrodisias is one of the most rewarding and evocative Greco-Roman archaeological sites in Turkey.
    Turkey_Aphrodisias_002.tif
  • Metapontion. Basilicata. Italy.  View of ancient Greek theatre of the ancient Greek colony of Metapontion or Metapontum. Partially restored, the theatre was built during the 6th century BC and was capable of seating 8000 spectators. Located on the Ionic coast of Basilicata in southern Italy, the city was founded in the 7th century BC by Greek colonists from the western Peloponnese. The city prospered during the 6th-5th centuries BC and the great mathematician, philosopher and alchemist Pythagoras founded a school in Metapontion in 510 BC after his expulsion from Croton. It is said that he died here.
    Metaponto_Basilicata_Italy-010.tif
  • Metapontion. Basilicata. Italy. View of the majestic Greek Doric Temple of Hera dating from the mid-6th century BC. Known as the Tavole Palatine, the elegant peripteral temple was built as a sanctuary dedicated to the goddess Hera, 3 kilometres from the ancient Greek urban centre of Metapontum or Metapontion on the Ionic coast of Basilicata in southern Italy. It has 15 Doric fluted columns still upright from its original 32 (6 x 12) and is one of the best preserved monuments of Magna Graecia (Greater Greece).
    Metaponto_Basilicata_Italy-006.tif
  • The ancient Roman road The Appian Way (Via Appia Antica) heading towards The Arch of Drusus and Porta San Sebastiano (Appian gate), Southern Rome, Italy.
    Appia_Antica_Rome_Italy_029.tif
  • Rome. Italy. The ancient Roman road known as The Appian Way (Via Appia Antica) located in the Park of the Appia Antica in Southern Rome.
    Appia_Antica_Rome_Italy_004.tif
  • East end wall of calidarium of the men’s warm, hot and cold Baths in the Stabian Baths, Pompeii Italy. The Baths are the largest, best preserved and oldest baths at Pompeii.
    Pompeii_Italy_228.tif
  • View of the elliptical shaped amphitheatre arena which was built in 80 BC, Pompeii Italy. The amphitheatre was used for sports and gladiatorial contests, hunts and battles with wild animals.  It was enlarged by the Romans due to the spectacles becoming so popular. The stadium seats 20,000 spectators.
    Pompeii_Italy_199.tif
  • View of the three arcades containing street altar on paved street Via Stabiana, Pompeii Italy.
    Pompeii_Italy_179.tif
  • View along street Vicolo di Mercurio with stepping stones to let pedestrians cross without getting their feet wet, Pompeii Italy
    Pompeii_Italy_153.tif
  • Semicircular seat tomb of the priestess Mamia and Istacidi family temple tomb at the Porta Ercolano necropolis, Pompeii Italy.
    Pompeii_Italy_134.tif
  • Part view of the Basilica with the elegant Hellenistic styled two-level Tribunal in the background at Pompeii Italy.  Dating back to the 2nd century BC, the basilica is the oldest public building in the city. It was originally a covered market and then became the seat of the Law Courts at the beginning of the 1st century AD. It was then that the Tribunal was built at the west end of the building. The surrounding portico consisted of 28 fluted Corinthian column reaching 11 metres in height.
    Pompeii_Italy_118.tif
  • Bronze copy of the original statue of Apollo in front of the portico at the sanctuary of Apollo at Pompeii, Italy.
    Pompeii_Italy_103.tif
  • Portico fluted Doric columns at the south end of the Forum, Pompeii, Italy. The Forum was the centre of political, economic and religious life in Pompeii.
    Pompeii_Italy_088.tif
  • The large theatre built during the Hellenistic period around the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC at Pompeii Italy. The Greek styled theatre was enlarged and adapted during the Augustan period and could seat 5000 spectators.
    Pompeii_Italy_059.tif
  • The Samnite Palaestra built in the second half of the 2nd century BC by Vibius Vinicius for young Samnites at Pompeii Italy.
    Pompeii_Italy_008.tif
  • View of the Artium with 16 Doric columns around the impluvium in the House of Diadumeni, Pompeii Italy
    Pompeii_Italy_004.tif
  • Paestum. Campania. Italy.  View of the east short side panel mural painting from the famous tomb of the Diver (Tomba del Tuffatore) from the Tempa del Prete necropolis. This painting depicts a large wreathed crater placed on a table from which a young boy draws, with a pitcher, the wine to poor in the goblets.  Dating from 480 - 470 BC, the murals are possibly the only extant examples of Greek painting.  The four panels forming the coffin represent scenes of banquets, dancing and games. The fifth panel, the cover, shows a naked youth executing a prefect dive into a blue sea. The dive is thought to symbolize the passage from life to the death.
    Paestum_Italy_088.tif
  • Paestum. Campania. Italy. Close-up view of some of the limestone columns from the Temple of Hera II. Dating from 474 and 450 BC, the Temple is complete (apart from its missing roof) and ranks as one of the best preserved temples of Europe. The Temple has 36 fluted Doric limestone columns (6 by 14 and 9 metres high columns) and at 60 metres long by 24 metres wide made it the largest temple at Paestum. It is considered the finest example of a pure Doric Temple found anywhere.
    Paestum_Italy_064.tif
  • Paestum. Campania. Italy. View of some of the excavations of the ancient city of Paestum. In the background is the Temple of Poseidon (Neptune or Apollo or Hera II) which dates from 450 BC.
    Paestum_Italy_041.tif
  • Ostia Antica. Lazio. Italy.  View from the forum of the Capitolium, the ancient town’s most important temple and dedicated to the main Roman deities, Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. Dominating the Forum and built during the reign of Emperor Hadrian (117-138 AD), the prostyle hexastyle building pronaos is reached by a wide flight of steps which had six fluted white marble columns which provided an entrance to the rectangular cells.
    Ostia_Antica_Italy_127.tif
  • Ostia Antica. Lazio. Italy. View of the monumental entrance to the Schola del Traiano or Schola of Trajan. Dating from the 2nd century AD, the vast complex was the seat or headquarters of a corporation of shipbuilders or naval smiths.
    Ostia_Antica_Italy_111.tif
  • Ostia Antica. Lazio. Italy. View of the Fontana con Lucerna, a marble fountain and a decorative feature of the western Decumanus.  The fountains basin has a small column, the top of which mimics an oil lamp picks, with seven water spouts.
    Ostia_Antica_Italy_109.tif
  • Ostia Antica. Lazio. Italy. Ground view of the restored Roman theatre, built by Agrippa in the late first century AD and enlarged by Septimius Severus in the 2nd century AD. Originally there were three tiers of seats and accommodated up to 4000 people.
    Ostia_Antica_Italy_035.tif
  • Ostia Antica. Lazio. Italy. View of the elaborate entrance hall mosaic of the Baths of Neptune, depicting Neptune driving four seahorses and surrounded by tritons, Nereids and dolphins. The baths dates from the time of Emperors Hadrian (117-138 AD) and Antoninus Pius (138-161 AD).
    Ostia_Antica_Italy_022.tif
  • Ostia Antica. Lazio. Italy. View along the upper Decumano Massimo or Decumanus Maximus, paved with ancient basalt stone. It is the main street of Ostia which runs through the city for over a kilometre and was the continuation of the road that led from Rome to Ostia.
    Ostia_Antica_Italy_018.tif
  • Ostia Antica. Lazio. Italy.  View of a section of an ornate marble sarcophagus with has three intricate human figure scenes separated by columns. The sarcophagus is located beside the site museum.
    Ostia_Antica_Italy_005.tif
  • Ostia Antica. Lazio. Italy. View from the top of the restored Roman theatre, built by Agrippa in the late first century AD and enlarged by Septimius Severus in the 2nd century AD. Originally there were three tiers of seats and accommodated up to 4000 people.
    Ostia_Antica_Italy_003.tif
  • Syracuse. Sicily. Italy. View of access passages at the Castello di Eurialo, the castle that formed part of the massive Greek defensive installation built to protect Ortygia – ancient Syracuse from invaders. The limestone fortifications were imposed by Dionysus the Elder in the 4th century BC and later improved by Hieron II. The fortifications ran for a length of 32 kilometres, totally enclosing the city and are considered the most impressive Greek defences to have survived from antiquity. The castle is seven kilometres from the heart of Syracuse.
    Syracuse_Sicily_Italy_025.tif
  • Syracuse. Sicily. Italy. View of the Greek Temple of Apollo, built in local limestone in the 6th century BC and the oldest peripteral Doric temple in Sicily. Dedicated to the Greek god Apollo, the Temple had an elongated plan with a colonnade of 6 by 17 columns, and its extensive ruins include part of the cella wall, columns stumps and two monolithic Doric columns, estimated to weigh 35 tons each. Through its long life, the temple was converted into a Christian Byzantine church, then an Arab mosque, a Norman church and lastly into Spanish prison. The Temple is located on the tiny island of Ortygia, the original settlement of Syracuse, a former power house of the Mediterranean, located on the south east corner of Sicily.
    Syracuse_Sicily_Italy_011.tif
  • Syracuse. Sicily. Italy. View of the Piazza Duomo, an attractive irregular square, which is surrounded by harmonious and striking Baroque buildings. The highlight of the square is the Duomo, a 7th century AD church with an 18th century Baroque façade, built on the foundations and incorporating the Doric columns from the 5th century BC Greek Temple of Athena. The Piazza Duomo is located on the tiny island of Ortygia, the original settlement of Syracuse, a former power house of the Mediterranean, located on the south east corner of Sicily.
    Syracuse_Sicily_Italy_012.tif
  • Syracuse. Sicily. Italy. View of the Greek Temple of Apollo, built in local limestone in the 6th century BC and the oldest peripteral Doric temple in Sicily. Dedicated to the Greek god Apollo, the Temple had an elongated plan with a colonnade of 6 by 17 columns, and its extensive ruins include part of the cella wall, columns stumps and two monolithic Doric columns, estimated to weigh 35 tons each. Through its long life, the temple was converted into a Christian Byzantine church, then an Arab mosque, a Norman church and lastly into Spanish prison. The Temple is located on the tiny island of Ortygia, the original settlement of Syracuse, a former power house of the Mediterranean, located on the south east corner of Sicily.
    Syracuse_Sicily_Italy_008.tif
  • Syracuse. Sicily. Italy. View at the Parco Archeologico of the Roman amphitheatre, hollowed out of the hillside and dating from around the 1st century BC. Elliptical is plan, the amphitheatre was mainly used for circuses and gladiatorial shows which wild animals were unfortunately part of.
    Syracuse_Sicily_Italy_005.tif
  • View of palm trees and the blue waters of the Mediterranean sea from the evocative ruins of the archeological site at Selinunte. Sicily. Italy.
    Selinunte_Sicily_Italy_064.tif
  • Selinunte. Sicily. Italy.  View of the fourteen re-erected columns (north colonnade) of the 6th century BC Greek Doric Temple C.  The temple is presumed to be dedicated to the Greek God Apollo. Dating from 580 – 560 BC, the Peripteral Hexastyle Temple consisted of 6 by 17 columns and is the oldest Temple at the ancient city.  The partial restoration of the temple was performed in 1925.
    Selinunte_Sicily_Italy_042.tif
  • Selinunte. Sicily. Italy. View of the colossal, tangled and earthquake devastated ruins of the 6th century BC Temple G. It was possibly dedicated to the Greek God Zeus or Apollo.  Work started on the Octastyle Temple in 530 BC and still had not been completed by 409 BC when the city had been destroyed by the Carthaginians.  However its gigantic proportioned colonnaded (17 columns long and 8 wide) had been erected before being abandoned. Measuring 50 x 110 metres and with columns rising 16 metres, the Temple is one of the largest Greek Temples ever built.
    Selinunte_Sicily_Italy_040.tif
  • Selinunte. Sicily. Italy. View of the Greek Doric Temple E which dates from 460 – 450 BC and is dedicated to Greek Goddess Hera, wife of Zeus. The Peripteral hexastyle Temple was partially restored in the 1950’s and contains fragments of the original white finish which would have made it glow and visible from far off in ancient times.
    Selinunte_Sicily_Italy_019.tif
  • Selinunte. Sicily. Italy.  View of the Mediterranean Sea through columns on the rear corner of the 5th century BC Temple E which is dedicated to Goddess Hera. Dating from 460 – 450 BC, the Greek Doric Peripteral hexastyle Temple was partially restored in the 1950’s and contains fragments of the original white finish which would have made it glow and visible from far off in ancient times.
    Selinunte_Sicily_Italy_017.tif
  • Selinunte. Sicily. Italy. Interior view towards the rear (West side) of the 5th century BC Temple E which is dedicated to Goddess Hera. In the background are the adyton walls. Dating from 460 – 450 BC, the Greek Doric Peripteral hexastyle Temple was partially restored in the 1950’s and contains fragments of the original white finish which would have made it glow and visible from far off in ancient times.
    Selinunte_Sicily_Italy_009.tif
  • Segesta. Sicily. Italy. View of some of the picturesque landscape that surrounds the Greek Doric Temple of Segesta which stands glorious in magnificent isolation on a low hill in the midst of verdant country side and framed by mountains.
    Segesta_Sicily_Italy_047.tif
  • Segesta. Sicily. Italy. Panoramic view of the Greek Doric Temple of Segesta which stands glorious in magnificent isolation on a low hill in the midst of verdant country side and framed by mountains.
    Segesta_Sicily_Italy_041.tif
  • Segesta. Sicily. Italy. View from the interior towards the front of the Greek Doric Temple of Segesta which stands glorious in magnificent isolation on a low hill in the midst of verdant country side and framed by mountains.
    Segesta_Sicily_Italy_007.tif
  • Himera. Sicily. Italy. View of wall separating the cella from opisthodomos in the rear of the Temple of Victory which dates from around 470 BC. In the distance is the imposing Monte San Calogero. The Temple was built to honour the crushing defeat of the Carthaginians by the Greeks here in 480 BC. The Greek Doric peripteral and hexastyle Temple originally had 14 columns at the sides and six in front, of which only the crepidoma or stepped platform, lower part of the columns and part of the cella walls survive.
    Himera_Sicily_Italy_019.tif
  • Himera. Sicily. Italy. View of the rear (west end) of the Temple of Victory which dates from around 470 BC. In view is the opisthodomos in antis (back room with two columns).  The Temple was built to honour the crushing defeat of the Carthaginians by the Greeks here in 480 BC. The Greek Doric peripteral and hexastyle Temple originally had 14 columns at the sides and six in front, of which only the crepidoma or stepped platform, lower part of the columns and part of the cella walls survive.
    Himera_Sicily_Italy_012.tif
  • Eraclea Minoa. Sicily. Italy. View of the Ancient Greek theatre which dates from the 4th century BC. The soft sandstone of the theatre is protected by a perplex cover and it retains 10 rows of its seats. Herakleia Minoa was founded in the 6th BC by settlers from the earlier Greek settlement of Selinunte, 60 kilometres away. By the end of the 1st century BC it was totally abandoned.
    Eraclea_Minoa_Sicily_Italy_005.tif
  • Agrigento. Sicily. Italy.  View of the reconstructed northwest corner of the Temple of Castor and Pollux (Dioscuri) at the Valley of the Temples. Dating from the 5th century BC, the Temple originally had 34 local shell limestone columns in a peripteral hexastyle plan of 6 by 13 columns. Four columns and portion of the architraves were reconstructed around 1850 with elements incorporated form other nearby buildings. The Temple is located in the Sanctuary of the Chthonic Divinities. In the background is the modern town of Agrigento.
    Agrigento_Sicily_Italy_047.tif
  • Agrigento. Sicily. Italy.  View of the upright columns of the Temple of Heracles or Tempio di Ercole at the Valley of the Temples. Dating from around 500 BC, it is the oldest and second largest of the temples here and originally had 38 local shell limestone columns in a peripteral hexastyle plan of 6 by 15 columns. The south colonnade of the temple was partly re-erected in 1924.
    Agrigento_Sicily_Italy_033.tif
  • Agrigento. Sicily. Italy.  View of the steps leading to the rear of the Doric Temple of Hera or Tempio di Giunone Lacina at the Valley of the Temples. Dating from 450 BC, the Temple originally had 34 local shell limestone columns in a peripteral hexastyle plan of 6 by 13 columns, of which 25 are still upright.
    Agrigento_Sicily_Italy_030.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. View over fragments to the sentinel tower burial chambers in the ghostly valley of the tombs. This group of tombs cling to the low hill of Umm al-Belqis and are known as the towers of Yemliko.
    Syria_Palmyra_158.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. View of the remaining eight columns of the Cella, the most scared building of the most impressive Sanctuary of Bel. Accessible only to priests, the Cella was built around 32 AD and its architectural treatment owes much to the Greek tradition of Temple building.
    Syria_Palmyra_137.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. View of the well preserved south-western corner internal colonnaded portico of the Temple of Bel. Dedicated to Bel who is thought to be the supreme God of the Palmyrene pantheon, the Temple is an enormous complex and its main construction was performed over several stages from the Hellenistic through to the Roman periods. Palmyra prospered in ancient times as a caravan staging post due to its location on one of the main ancient routes from the Mediterranean Sea to the Euphrates and to markets further east including those on the Silk Route. Palmyra is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Syria_Palmyra_130.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. View over lush palm trees of the Temple of Bel which is the most impressive ruin of the ancient city of Palmyra. Dedicated to Bel who is thought to be the supreme God of the Palmyrene pantheon , the Temple is an enormous complex and its main construction was performed over several stages from the Hellenistic through to the Roman periods.
    Syria_Palmyra_114.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. Pillars and porticoes line the central section of the Great Colonnade Street with the hilltop 17th century Arab castle of Qala at ibn Maan in the distance . Constructed in the 2nd century AD, the whole Great Colonnade street cuts through the ancient city from east to west and is more than one kilometre in length.
    Syria_Palmyra_102.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. Pillars and porticoes line the central section of the Great Colonnade Street that covers the area from the Monumental arch to the Tetrapylon visible in the background. Constructed in the 2nd century AD, the whole Great Colonnade street cuts through the ancient city from east to west and is more than one kilometre in length.
    Syria_Palmyra_099.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. View of the towering Corinthian columns of grey granite of the Tetrapylon which and marks and masks the change of direction of the great Colonnade.  The Tetrapylon has four independent pylons each consisting of four columns and stands on a moulded square plinth at the four corners of a stepped platform.
    Syria_Palmyra_098.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. Partial view of the large and elaborate altar with a group of three small columns at each corner at the Sanctuary of Nebo.  Construction of the Temple of Nebo dates from around 1st century AD and it was dedicated to Nebo or Nabu, the son of Marduk who was the Mesopotamian god of oracles and wisdom. All that remains of the temple is the sanctuary podium, altar and column bases and re-erected columns.
    Syria_Palmyra_051.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria.  View from the Great Colonnade side of the Monumental Arch which was erected in the early third century AD under Septimius Severus in order to disguise the thirty degree a change of direction of the first and second sections of the Great Colonnade.
    Syria_Palmyra_038.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. View of the Cella which is the most scared building of the Sanctuary of Bel which is the most impressive ruin of the ancient city of Palmyra. Accessible only to priests, the Cella was built around 32 AD and its architectural treatment owes much to the Greek tradition of Temple building. Dedicated to Bel who is thought to be the supreme God of the Palmyrene pantheon.
    Syria_Palmyra_013.tif
  • Ptolemais. Cyrenaica. Libya. Remains of the three 3rd century AD Roman Arches which could possible have been named after Constantine. The Arches stand at the intersection of the first cardo and the decumanus which indicates that the city centre was located here.
    Libya_Ptolemais_088.tif
  • Ptolemais. Cyrenaica. Libya. View along the second cardo which was one of the two north-south roads of the ancient city. The blue waters of the Mediterranean are in the background.
    Libya_Ptolemais_052.tif
  • Ptolemais. Cyrenaica. Libya. View of the central courtyard with a sunken swimming pool of the impressive Columned Palace or Villa of the Columns which occupies over 600 sq m. Originally dating from the 2nd century BC the building remains essentially Greek, even though the complex was remodelled over the course of time especially during the Roman period.
    Libya_Ptolemais_041.tif
  • Ptolemais. Cyrenaica. Libya. General view of the Greek Agora which was used a forum by the Romans. The two tall ionic columns still standing belonged to a temple which may have been dedicated to the Capitoline Triad (Jupiter, Juni and Minerva). Below the Agora are reservoirs / cisterns that were originally built by the Greeks to store water that arrived via an aqueduct from mountain springs 25 kilometres away.
    Libya_Ptolemais_026.tif
  • Ptolemais. Cyrenaica. Libya. View of the columned ruins of Roman Villa of the Four Seasons which dates from the 4th century AD. The beautiful Four Season mosaic in the museum was found here.
    Libya_Ptolemais_014.tif
  • Apollonia. Libya.  Close-up view of one of the large monolithic columns of cipollino marble of the Eastern Church. Dating from the 5th century AD, the marble was shipped form the Greek Island of Greek and the church was the biggest in the region. It is thought the Church was built on top of the foundations of an earlier Hellenistic Temple believed to have been a Temple of Apollo.
    Libya_Apollonia_039.tif
  • Apollonia. Libya.  Close-up view of a Byzantine cross that adorns the white marble columns of the Central church or Basilica of Apollonia.  Located approximately 20 kilometres from the magnificent Greek city of Cyrene,
    Libya_Apollonia_010.tif
  • Apollonia. Libya.  View of the imposing Eastern Church with its large monolithic columns of cipollino marble from the Greek island of Paros dividing the nave and aisles and forming transepts.  Dating from the 5th century AD, the church was the biggest in the region and is believed to have been built on top of the foundations of an earlier Hellenistic Temple believed to have been a Temple of Apollo.
    Libya_Apollonia_003.tif
  • Aphrodisias. Turkey. View of decorative ancient Roman marble sarcophagi near the museum. The ancient classical city of Aphrodisias is one of the most rewarding and evocative Greco-Roman archaeological sites in Turkey.
    Turkey_Aphrodisias_099.tif
  • Aphrodisias. Turkey. View of architectural fragments and western colonnaded portico of the South Agora, a public square dating from the 1st century AD. In the background are the remains of the large vaulted halls of the baths of Roman Emperor Hadrian who visited the city in the 2nd century AD. The ancient classical city of Aphrodisias is one of the most rewarding and evocative Greco-Roman archaeological sites in Turkey.
    Turkey_Aphrodisias_079.tif
  • Aphrodisias. Turkey. View of the Tetrapylon, a monumental ceremonial gate dating from the 2nd century AD. The gate is composed of four sets of four Corinthian columns which are fluted and support elaborate detailed pediments. The ancient classical city of Aphrodisias is one of the most rewarding and evocative Greco-Roman archaeological sites in Turkey.
    Turkey_Aphrodisias_020.tif
  • Metapontion. Basilicata. Italy. View along a pathway lined with colourful plants of the majestic Greek Doric Temple of Hera. Known as the Tavole Palatine, the elegant peripteral temple was built around the mid-6th century BC as a sanctuary dedicated to the goddess Hera, 3 kilometres from the ancient Greek urban centre of Metapontum on the Ionic coast of Basilicata in southern Italy. It has 15 Doric fluted columns still upright from its original 32 (6 x 12) and is one of the best preserved monuments of Magna Graecia (Greater Greece).
    Metaponto_Basilicata_Italy-034.tif
  • Metapontion. Basilicata. Italy. View along a pathway lined with colourful plants of the majestic Greek Doric Temple of Hera. Known as the Tavole Palatine, the elegant peripteral temple was built around the mid-6th century BC as a sanctuary dedicated to the goddess Hera, 3 kilometres from the ancient Greek urban centre of Metapontum on the Ionic coast of Basilicata in southern Italy. It has 15 Doric fluted columns still upright from its original 32 (6 x 12) and is one of the best preserved monuments of Magna Graecia (Greater Greece).
    Metaponto_Basilicata_Italy-033.tif
  • Metapontion. Basilicata. Italy. View of the majestic Greek Doric Temple of Hera dating from the mid-6th century BC. Known as the Tavole Palatine, the elegant peripteral temple was built as a sanctuary dedicated to the goddess Hera, 3 kilometres from the ancient Greek urban centre of Metapontum or Metapontion on the Ionic coast of Basilicata in southern Italy. It has 15 Doric fluted columns still upright from its original 32 (6 x 12) and is one of the best preserved monuments of Magna Graecia (Greater Greece).
    Metaponto_Basilicata_Italy-021.tif
  • The Arch of Drusus, in background is the Porta San Sebastiano (Appian gate), along the ancient Roman road The Appian Way (Via Appia Antica),  Southern Rome, Italy.
    Appia_Antica_Rome_Italy_033.tif
  • Rome. Italy. The ancient Roman road known as The Appian Way (Via Appia Antica) located in the Park of the Appia Antica in Southern Rome.
    Appia_Antica_Rome_Italy_025.tif
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