Steven Sklifas - Writer Photographer

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  • Sanctuary of Aphrodite Palaepaphos Cyprus. This image was captured at Palaepaphos or Palaipaphos (Old Paphos), which was perhaps the most celebrated pilgrimage centre and sanctuary of the Greek Goddess Aphrodite throughout the ancient World. It is located within the limits of the modern village of Kouklia, 16 kilometres east of the modern town of Paphos on the south west coast of Cyprus. It is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Cyprus-Palaepaphos-037.jpg
  • Amalfi. Campania. Italy. View of a building with Arabic and Norman architecture which is the legacy of Amalfi’s maritime heritage.
    Italy-Campania-Amalfi-Town_024.tif
  • Amalfi. Campania. Italy. View of a building with Arabic and Norman architecture which is the legacy of Amalfi’s maritime heritage.
    Italy-Campania-Amalfi-Town_023.tif
  • Amalfi. Campania. Italy. View of a building with Arabic and Norman architecture which is the legacy of Amalfi’s maritime heritage.
    Italy-Campania-Amalfi-Town_022.tif
  • View of the ruins of the Praetorium, an imperial residential area. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa; built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat; is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_113.tif
  • View of the ruins of the Vestibulum, which was the main entrance to Hadrian’s Villa. Tivoli. Italy. Within it there would have been several elegant porticoed courtyards. Hadrian’s villa, a summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_106.tif
  • Caryatid copies from the Athenian Erechtheion lining the Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_065.tif
  • View of the curved north end of the monumental mystical Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_028.tif
  • View of the curved north end of the monumental mystical Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_027.tif
  • The rear of the Casino of Semicircular Arcades. Hadrian's Villa. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_010.tif
  • The Temple to Venus of Cnidus with replica Aphrodite statue, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The temple was modelled on the Greek Temple in Knidos which featured the celebrated 4th century BC statue of Aphrodite by Greek master Praxiteles. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_004.tif
  • Villa d’Este. Tivoli. Italy. Part View of the elaborate Fountain of Rometta designed by Pirro Ligorio and executed by Curzio Maccarone between 1567 and 1570 to represent ancient Rome. This semicircular theatre has numerous fountains and sculptures, including, representations of the Seven Hills of Rome, an boat with an obelisk as a mast, symbol of the Isola Tiberina, a seated statue of Rome Victorious, the wolf suckling the twins Romulus and Remus and arches and aqueducts. Villa d’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_106.tif
  • Villa d’Este. Tivoli. Italy. View of Fontana Della Madre Natura with a statue of Diana of Ephesus, the great nature goddess.  Sculpted by Gillis van den Vliete in 1568, the statue was originally part of the Fountain of the Organ, but was relocated in the 17th century as it was felt to be overly pagan in appearance.  Villa d’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_081.tif
  • Villa d Este. Tivoli. Italy. View over the level gardens and fishponds of the spectacular and cascading fountain of Neptune with its jets of water spurting up to 14 metres high. Above it on the terrace is the monumental fountain of the Organ. Villa d’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_076.tif
  • Villa d’Este. Tivoli. Italy.  View of the basin and elaborate niche of the 16th century Fountain of Venus in the entrance courtyard. The basin is a Roman labrum in white marble, with two lion heads – 2nd century AD. The niche is an amazing decorative work of art that focuses on varying themes including the labours of Hercules. . Villa D’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_027.tif
  • Bust sculpture flanking the cascades of the Fountain of Venus and Adonis at the Royal Palace or Reggia di Caserta, Italy. The 18th century Royal Palace or Reggia di Caserta is Italy’s most magnificent Palace and its immense park is one of the most dazzling and grandiose in Europe. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Caserta_Italy_175.tif
  • Caserta. Campania. Italy. View from behind the fountain of Ceres along the promenade that extends for 3 kilometres across the park in a straight line from the great waterfall to the Royal Palace. Designed so as to rival to rival and even overshadow Versailles, the avenue is lined by narrow lawns and punctuated by cascades, ponds, groups of statues and fountains with mythological themes. The 18th century Royal Palace or Reggia di Caserta is Italy’s most magnificent Palace and its immense park is one of the most dazzling and grandiose in Europe. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Caserta_Italy_171.tif
  • Caserta. Campania. Italy.  View from behind the fountain of Venus and Adonis along the promenade that extends for 3 kilometres across the park in a straight line to the Royal Palace. Designed so as to rival to rival and even overshadow Versailles, the avenue is lined by narrow lawns and punctuated by cascades, ponds, groups of statues and fountains with mythological themes. The 18th century Royal Palace or Reggia di Caserta is Italy’s most magnificent Palace and its immense park is one of the most dazzling and grandiose in Europe. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Caserta_Italy_170.tif
  • View of the fountain of Diana and Actaeon at the Royal Palace or Reggia di Caserta, Italy. The great cascade, a waterfall some 75 metres high plunges into the fountain.  The sculpture group in picture is of the goddess Diana, the patron of chastity who is bathing and is surrounded by nymphs. . The 18th century Royal Palace or Reggia di Caserta is Italy’s most magnificent Palace and its immense park is one of the most dazzling and grandiose in Europe. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Caserta_Italy_165.tif
  • View of the Fountain of Venus and Adonis at the Royal Palace or Reggia di Caserta, Italy. This fountain group of sculptures represents the kneeling goddess asking her lover to take care during the hunt as she fears for his safety, as the jealous god Mars has taken on the appearance of a wild boar with the aim of killing him. Cherubs and nymphs surround the figures standing on the travertine reef. The 18th century Royal Palace or Reggia di Caserta is Italy’s most magnificent Palace and its immense park is one of the most dazzling and grandiose in Europe. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Caserta_Italy_152.tif
  • View of the fountain of Ceres at the Royal Palace or Reggia di Caserta, Italy. The fountain of Ceres consists of statues of Ceres, sea nymphs, tritons, dolphins playing the buccina horn and Anapo and Simeto the river-gods. The 18th century Royal Palace or Reggia di Caserta is Italy’s most magnificent Palace and its immense park is one of the most dazzling and grandiose in Europe. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Caserta_Italy_131.tif
  • Caserta. Campania. Italy. Part view of the Fountain of Aeolus which consists of 29 zephyrs and wind gods, symbolically represented by winged statues spurting water their mouths.  The fountain features along the promenade that extends for 3 kilometres from the Royal Palace to the great waterfall some 75 metres high. The 18th century Royal Palace or Reggia di Caserta is Italy’s most magnificent Palace and its immense park is one of the most dazzling and grandiose in Europe. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Caserta_Italy_105.tif
  • The Margherita or Basket fountain with the rear of the Royal Palace of Caserta in the background. Caserta. Campania. Italy.  This fountain is the first of six fountains that adorn the central boulevard that stretches for 3 kilometres. The 18th century Royal Palace or Reggia di Caserta is Italy’s most magnificent Palace and its immense park is one of the most dazzling and grandiose in Europe. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Caserta_Italy_089.tif
  • Caserta. Campania. Italy. Part view of the Fountain of Aeolus which consists of 29 zephyrs and wind gods, symbolically represented by winged statues spurting water their mouths.  The fountain features along the promenade that extends for 3 kilometres from the Royal Palace to the great waterfall some 75 metres high. The 18th century Royal Palace or Reggia di Caserta is Italy’s most magnificent Palace and its immense park is one of the most dazzling and grandiose in Europe. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Caserta_Italy_003.tif
  • Paphos Cyprus. House of Theseus Roman Floor Mosaic of the first bath of Achilles. This image was captured at the vast ancient archaeological park at Paphos (Kato Pafos), which has extensive remains from Hellenistic through to the Middle Ages and is famous for its exquisite Roman Villa mosaics. The city of Paphos is located on the south west coast of Cyprus.  It is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Cyprus_Paphos_Archaeological_Park_03...jpg
  • Sanctuary of Aphrodite Palaepaphos Cyprus. This image was captured at Palaepaphos or Palaipaphos (Old Paphos), which was perhaps the most celebrated pilgrimage centre and sanctuary of the Greek Goddess Aphrodite throughout the ancient World. It is located within the limits of the modern village of Kouklia, 16 kilometres east of the modern town of Paphos on the south west coast of Cyprus. It is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Cyprus-Palaepaphos-044.jpg
  • Sanctuary of Aphrodite Palaepaphos Cyprus. This image was captured at Palaepaphos or Palaipaphos (Old Paphos), which was perhaps the most celebrated pilgrimage centre and sanctuary of the Greek Goddess Aphrodite throughout the ancient World. It is located within the limits of the modern village of Kouklia, 16 kilometres east of the modern town of Paphos on the south west coast of Cyprus. It is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Cyprus-Palaepaphos-007.jpg
  • Letoon. Turkey. The large well preserved ancient Hellenistic theatre. Letoon, the ancient Lycian pilgrimage and sacred cult centre dedicated to the Goddess Leto and her twin children the God Apollo and Goddess Artemis. Letoon together with the nearby Xanthos are designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Turkey_Letoon_083.jpg
  • Letoon. Turkey. Remains of the temenos, retaining wall of the Temples sanctuary. Letoon, the ancient Lycian pilgrimage and sacred cult centre dedicated to the Goddess Leto and her twin children the God Apollo and Goddess Artemis. Letoon together with the nearby Xanthos are designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Turkey_Letoon_057.jpg
  • Letoon. Turkey. An elegant Ionic order capital with column drum. Letoon, the ancient Lycian pilgrimage and sacred cult centre dedicated to the Goddess Leto and her twin children the God Apollo and Goddess Artemis. Letoon together with the nearby Xanthos are designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Turkey_Letoon_055.jpg
  • Delos. Greece. View from the summit of Mount Kynthos, the highest point on the island of Delos. The summit surrounds is adorned with small simple stone shrines and dedications to Apollo from modern pilgrims. Sacred Delos is the birthplace of the Greek God Apollo and his twin sister the Greek Goddess Artemis and one of most important ancient sites in the Mediterranean. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Greece_Cyclades_Delos_228.jpg
  • Delos . Greece.  Panoramic view of the North side of the island of Delos as seen from the summit of Mount Kynthos. Sacred Delos is the birthplace of the Greek God Apollo and his twin sister the Greek Goddess Artemis and one of most important ancient sites in the Mediterranean. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Greece_Cyclades_Delos_222.jpg
  • Delos . Greece. A ornate marble carving at the partially restored Gymnasium, which dates to the 3rd century BC. Located in the stadium quarter, the structure was large square open-air courtyard enclosed by four peristyle stoas with thirteen Ionic columns on each side. On its north side was the Ephebeion, where youths would sit on benches and be lectured. Delos is the birthplace of the Greek God Apollo and his twin sister the Greek Goddess Artemis and one of most important ancient sites in the Mediterranean. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Greece_Cyclades_Delos_199.jpg
  • Delos. Greece. View of a headless marble sculpture of a female figure and the restored Temple of Isis at the Sanctuary of the Egyptian Gods. The temple with two Doric columns in antis dates from the 2nd century BC. Sacred Delos is the birthplace of the Greek God Apollo and his twin sister the Greek Goddess Artemis and one of most important ancient sites in the Mediterranean. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Greece_Cyclades_Delos_133.jpg
  • Delos . Greece. The small Hellenistic theatre at the sanctuary of the Syrian Gods. The theatre does not have a stage as it was used exclusively for religious ceremonies. It has 12 rows of seats and accommodated up to 500 spectators. Sacred Delos is the birthplace of the Greek God Apollo and his twin sister the Greek Goddess Artemis and one of most important ancient sites in the Mediterranean. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Greece_Cyclades_Delos_118.jpg
  • Delos . Greece. The House of the Lake central open-air atrium with floor mosaic and surrounded by a Ionic order colonnade. Located near the Sacred Lake, the house was built in the 2nd century BC and inhabited by generations of the same family. Sacred Delos is the birthplace of the Greek God Apollo and his twin sister the Greek Goddess Artemis and one of most important ancient sites in the Mediterranean. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Greece_Cyclades_Delos_099.jpg
  • Sacred Delos is the birthplace of the Greek God Apollo and his twin sister the Greek Goddess Artemis and one of most important ancient sites in the Mediterranean. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Greece_Cyclades_Delos_060.jpg
  • Delos . Greece.  Pillar supporting an oversized phallus, symbol of Dionysus worship. This is found at the small temple dedicated to Dionysus, the Stoivadeion, which is a rectangular exedra. Adorning the front is the phallic bird, symbol of the body's immortality and relief scenes from the Dionysian circle are found on the side.  Sacred Delos is the birthplace of the Greek God Apollo and his twin sister the Greek Goddess Artemis and one of most important ancient sites in the Mediterranean. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Greece_Cyclades_Delos_011.jpg
  • The Temple to Venus of Cnidus with replica Aphrodite statue, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The temple was modelled on the Greek Temple in Knidos which featured the celebrated 4th century BC statue of Aphrodite by Greek master Praxiteles. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_181.tif
  • The Temple to Venus of Cnidus with replica Aphrodite statue, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The temple was modelled on the Greek Temple in Knidos which featured the celebrated 4th century BC statue of Aphrodite by Greek master Praxiteles. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_180.tif
  • Part view of the unique Teatro Marittimo or maritime Theatre, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The theatre has a circular Ionic marble columned portico that rings an artificial lagoon that encloses a small island reached only by a means of two retractable wooden swing bridges. This island was a private retreat for Hadrian where he could escape the cares of the empire to write poetry and paint. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_172.tif
  • View of a section of the Garden Stadium, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  The Garden- Stadium was not an actual athletic arena but an internal garden with fountains and an open-air Triclinium. Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_169.tif
  • The Thermae con Heliocaminus which are the oldest baths at Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_164.tif
  • North side of the Imperial Triclinium is a great hall decorated with a mosaic floor and columns, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_152.tif
  • Imperial Palace peristyle portico with rooms with view of Tivoli town in background. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_147.tif
  • Imperial Palace room with threes isles dedicated to imperial business, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_146.tif
  • Imperial Palace Nymphaeum with semicircular water staircase, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_144.tif
  • The exedra of the Imperial Palace Nymphaeum, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_142.tif
  • The Imperial Palace Summer Triclinium (Triclinio Estivo) with a half-dome decorated by niches, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_140.tif
  • Portico columns in the great central exedra of the Piazza d'Oro, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_135.tif
  • Portico columns in the great central exedra of the Piazza d'Oro, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_134.tif
  • View across to the entrance Vestibulum of the Piazza d'Oro or Golden Square, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The complex is a vast rectangular area, consists of a peristyle that is an uncovered rectangular colonnaded court with a long basin in its centre flanked by two hedges. There were a series of rooms, courts, exedra and nymphaea and a Triclinium on its sides.  It has been believed to been used for banquets and important gatherings, however recent thoughts interpret it as having been a stoa with libraries similar to the Stoa built in Athens by Hadrian in the same period. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_130.tif
  • The Hall of the Doric Pillars or Edificio con Pilastri Dorici, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  This is an open area surrounded by a vaulted portico with fluted pillars in the Doric order. Originally the rectangular portico had 8 pillars on its short side and twelve on its long side. It has a refined epistyle of the Ionic order, a Doric frieze with metopes and triglyphs in an archaic style. It is believed the structure connected the east and west parts of the villa. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_126.tif
  • The Hall of the Doric Pillars or Edificio con Pilastri Dorici, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  This is an open area surrounded by a vaulted portico with fluted pillars in the Doric order. Originally the rectangular portico had 8 pillars on its short side and twelve on its long side. It has a refined epistyle of the Ionic order, a Doric frieze with metopes and triglyphs in an archaic style. It is believed the structure connected the east and west parts of the villa. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_125.tif
  • View of the remains of the Winter Palace large colonnaded courtyard or Peschiera. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. It originally had a portico of 40 marble columns surrounding a large reflecting pool with alternating semi-circular and rectangle niches that would have contained statues that have since been looted. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_124.tif
  • View of the remains of the Winter Palace large colonnaded courtyard or Peschiera. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. It originally had a portico of 40 marble columns surrounding a large reflecting pool with alternating semi-circular and rectangle niches that would have contained statues that have since been looted. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_121.tif
  • View of the remains of the Winter Palace large colonnaded courtyard or Peschiera. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. It originally had a portico of 40 marble columns surrounding a large reflecting pool with alternating semi-circular and rectangle niches that would have contained statues that have since been looted. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_119.tif
  • Great Baths and the Vestibulum, which provided access to the baths and different quarters of Hadrian’s Villa, Tivoli Italy. Within it there would have been several elegant porticoed courtyards. Hadrian’s villa, a summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_116.tif
  • View of the ruins of the Praetorium, an imperial residential area. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa; built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat; is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_112.tif
  • View of the ruins of the Praetorium, an imperial residential area. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa; built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat; is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_111.tif
  • The Cento Camerelle or Hundred Chambers Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The small rooms are believed to have housed servants and imperial guards. Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_104.tif
  • The rear of the Casino of Semicircular Arcades. Hadrian's Villa. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_102.tif
  • The exedra of the Imperial Palace Nymphaeum, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_094.tif
  • East side of the great or large baths thermae. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The great or large baths were a simpler design to the small baths and were probably used by visitors and servants. The small baths nearby were reserved for use by the emperor alone. Hadrian’s villa, a summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_087.tif
  • Side structure of the Serapeum; a colossal triclinium at the south end of the Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Serapeum is a monumental triclinium with a shell-shaped half-dome formerly covered with mosaics above a semicircular open-air summer banqueting table. The Canopus which is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and adorned with columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa; built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat; is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_084.tif
  • Side structure of the Serapeum; a colossal triclinium at the south end of the Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Serapeum is a monumental triclinium with a shell-shaped half-dome formerly covered with mosaics above a semicircular open-air summer banqueting table. The Canopus which is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and adorned with columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa; built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat; is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_083.tif
  • View of the Serapeum; a monumental triclinium at the south end of the Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Serapeum is a monumental triclinium with a shell-shaped half-dome formerly covered with mosaics above a semicircular open-air summer banqueting table. The Canopus which is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and adorned with columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa; built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat; is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_081.tif
  • View of the Serapeum; a monumental triclinium at the south end of the Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Serapeum is a monumental triclinium with a shell-shaped half-dome formerly covered with mosaics above a semicircular open-air summer banqueting table. The Canopus which is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and adorned with columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa; built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat; is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_078.tif
  • Copies of the caryatids from the Athenian Erechtheion flanked by silenus figures lining the Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. It is believed to have been inspired by the canal that linked Alexandria in Egypt to ancient Canopus which was a sanctuary of the God Serapis. Another theory is that is actually representing the Mediterranean as it includes elements from the region including copies of the caryatids from the Erechtheion in Athens and two Amazons that adorned the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus sculpted by Phidias, the ancient Greek sculptor. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_076.tif
  • View of the curved north end of the monumental mystical Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_060.tif
  • View of the curved north end of the monumental mystical Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_056.tif
  • View of the curved north end of the monumental mystical Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_046.tif
  • View of the curved north end of the monumental mystical Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_044.tif
  • The North wall of the Pecile, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  The Pecile is a monumental rectangular peristyle which was inspired by the Stoa Poikile of Athens. Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open-air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_037.tif
  • The Temple to Venus of Cnidus with replica Aphrodite statue, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The temple was modelled on the Greek Temple in Knidos which featured the celebrated 4th century BC statue of Aphrodite by Greek master Praxiteles. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_024.tif
  • View of the ruins of the Praetorium, an imperial residential area. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. Hadrian’s villa; built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat; is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_017.tif
  • North side of the Imperial Triclinium is a great hall decorated with a mosaic floor and columns, Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy.  Hadrian’s villa, a private summer imperial retreat, is vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_014.tif
  • View of the curved north end of the monumental mystical Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_005.tif
  • View of the curved north end of the monumental mystical Canopus. Villa Adriana. Tivoli. Italy. The Canopus is a reflecting pool 228 metres long and lined and surrounded by columns and statues. Hadrian’s villa, built by the emperor (117-138 AD) as summer imperial retreat, is a vast open air museum of some the finest architecture of the Roman world and the Roman Empires largest and richest villa ever built. It is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Hadrians_Villa_Tivoli_Italy_001.tif
  • View on the first terrace or Vialone of the spectacular Gran Loggia which takes the form of triumphal arch. Villa D Este. Tivoli. Italy. The terrace extends over 200 metres in length and is the largest space in the garden. During summer evenings, the Cardinals Este (1550) staged parties that included fireworks, court jesters and acrobatic spectacles. Villa D’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_122.tif
  • Villa D Este. Tivoli. Italy. Water streams out from a sculptured lion’s head found on the basin of the Fountain of the Tripod. Villa D’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_121.tif
  • Villa d’Este. Tivoli. Italy. View of the Fontana della Civetta or Fountain of the owl, famous for using water power to produce birdsongs interrupted by the screech of an owl. Built by Giovanni Del Duca around 1567 to entertain Cardinal Ippolitos’s guests, the fountain niche details have been somewhat lost or are in ruin and they have been replaced by painted wooden panels to represent the original decoration. Villa d’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_110.tif
  • The Fontana della Civetta or Fountain of the owl, Villa d’Este. Tivoli. Italy. The fountain is famous for using water power to produce birdsongs interrupted by the screech of an owl. Built by Giovanni Del Duca around 1567 to entertain Cardinal Ippolitos’s guests, the fountain niche details have been somewhat lost or are in ruin and they have been replaced by painted wooden panels to represent the original decoration. Villa d’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_109.tif
  • Villa d’Este. Tivoli. Italy. Part View of the elaborate Fountain of Rometta designed by Pirro Ligorio and executed by Curzio Maccarone between 1567 and 1570 to represent ancient Rome. This semicircular theatre has numerous fountains and sculptures, including, representations of the Seven Hills of Rome, an boat with an obelisk as a mast, symbol of the Isola Tiberina, a seated statue of Rome Victorious, the wolf suckling the twins Romulus and Remus and arches and aqueducts. Villa d’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_104.tif
  • Villa d’Este. Tivoli. Italy. Part View of the elaborate Fountain of Rometta designed by Pirro Ligorio and executed by Curzio Maccarone between 1567 and 1570 to represent ancient Rome. On this section of the semicircular theatre there is a stucco statue of the river God Aniene on the Tiburtine mountain summit – who holds in his right hand the circular Temple of Sybil. Below half-hidden in a grotto, Appenines holds the mountain from which is born the river whose water merges with the Tiber. Villa d’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_103.tif
  • Villa d’Este. Tivoli. Italy. Part View of the Grotto of Diane dedicated to the hunting goddess. Executed in 1570-72 by the Bolognese Paolo Caladrino, the grotto maintains a large part of its glittering decorations including bas-reliefs and mosaics. Villa d’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_099.tif
  • Villa D Este. Tivoli. Italy. View along the gardens first terrace or Vialone to the spectacular Gran Loggia which takes the form of triumphal arch. The terrace extends over 200 metres in length and is the largest space in the garden. During summer evenings, the Cardinals Este (1550) staged parties that included fireworks, court jesters and acrobatic spectacles. Villa D’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_096.tif
  • Villa d’Este. Tivoli. Italy. View of the 16th century fountain of the dragons. Flanked by elegant curved stepped walkways, the fountains pool is adorned with dolphins and in the centre a rocky base supports the sculptural group of four winged dragons. Water shoots out from the jaws of the dragons and at the centre the main jet powerfully shoots water up high. Villa d’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_092.tif
  • Villa d’Este. Tivoli. Italy. View of the Little Rustic Fountain which is cave covered in tartar flakes called pietra spugnola with a 16th century peperino stone statue of Winter, originally located in the Gran Loggia. Villa d’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_087.tif
  • View of Fontana Della Madre Natura with a statue of Diana of Ephesus, the great nature goddess. Villa d’Este. Tivoli. Italy. Sculpted by Gillis van den Vliete in 1568, the statue was originally part of the Fountain of the Organ but was relocated in the 17th century as it was felt to be overly pagan in appearance.  Villa d’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_084.tif
  • Villa d’Este. Tivoli. Italy. View of Fontana Della Madre Natura with a statue of Diana of Ephesus, the great nature goddess.  Sculpted by Gillis van den Vliete in 1568, the statue was originally part of the Fountain of the Organ, but was relocated in the 17th century as it was felt to be overly pagan in appearance.  Villa d’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_082.tif
  • Villa d Este. Tivoli. Italy. View over the level gardens and fishponds of the spectacular and cascading fountain of Neptune with its jets of water spurting up to 14 metres high. Above it on the terrace is the monumental fountain of the Organ. Villa d’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_077.tif
  • The cascading fountain of Neptune with its jets of water spurting up to 14 metres high. Villa d Este. Tivoli. Italy.  Above it on the terrace is the monumental fountain of the Organ. Villa d’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_074.tif
  • The cascading fountain of Neptune with its jets of water spurting up to 14 metres high. Villa d Este. Tivoli. Italy.  Above it on the terrace is the monumental fountain of the Organ. Villa d’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_073.tif
  • Villa d Este. Tivoli. Italy. View over the level gardens and fishponds of the spectacular and cascading fountain of Neptune with its jets of water spurting up to 14 metres high. Above it on the terrace is the monumental fountain of the Organ. Villa d’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_072.tif
  • Villa d Este. Tivoli. Italy. View of the spectacular and cascading fountain of Neptune with its jets of water spurting up to 14 metres high. Above it on the terrace is the monumental fountain of the Organ. Villa d’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_071.tif
  • Villa d Este. Tivoli. Italy. View of the spectacular and cascading fountain of Neptune with its jets of water spurting up to 14 metres high. Above it on the terrace is the monumental fountain of the Organ. Villa d’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_069.tif
  • Villa d Este. Tivoli. Italy. View of the spectacular and cascading fountain of Neptune with its jets of water spurting up to 14 metres high. Above it on the terrace is the monumental fountain of the Organ. Villa d’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_068.tif
  • Villa d’Este. Tivoli. Italy. View of the magnificent landscaped and lush level gardens and fishponds at the Villa d Este in Tivoli.  Villa d’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_060.tif
  • View along the avenue of the hundred fountains or Le Cento Fontane. Villa d Este. Tivoli. Italy. The wooded walkway is flanked on one side by over one hundred hand carved waterspouts jetting out cooling water into three overlaying canals. Villa D’Este, renowned for its spectacular use of water, represents the quintessence of the Italian garden of the High Renaissance. It is a designated UNESCO world heritage site.
    Villa_d_Este_Tivoli_Italy_053.tif
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