Steven Sklifas - Writer Photographer

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  • Palmyra. Syria. View of the hilltop 17th century Arab castle or citadel of Qala at ibn Maan. Attributed to a Lebanese warlord, the castle dates from the 17th century and provides panoramic views of the ancient city below.
    Syria_Palmyra_056.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. View over fragments and ruins towards the hilltop 17th century Arab castle or citadel of Qala at ibn Maan. Attributed to a Lebanese warlord, the castle dates from the 17th century and provides panoramic views of the ancient city below.
    Syria_Palmyra_055.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. View over fragments and ruins towards the hilltop 17th century Arab castle or citadel of Qala at ibn Maan. Attributed to a Lebanese warlord, the castle dates from the 17th century and provides panoramic views of the ancient city below.
    Syria_Palmyra_054.tif
  • Serjilla. Syria. Stone work marked with a cross and a partial view of the facade of a two storey house at the dead city of Serjilla. Dating from the sixth century, the house has decorative moulding s around its doors and windows and would have been fronted with a double portico. Located in north-western Syria, the almost complete and eerie ghost town of Serjilla is home to extensive semi intact remains from the Byzantine period. The town was abandoned after the Arab conquest in the seventh.
    Syria_Serjilla_024.tif
  • Damascus. Syria. View of narrow pathway at the Azem Palace, beautifully decorated in a banded combination of black basalt, limestone and sandstone. Built in 1749-50 as private residence for the Ottoman governor of Damascus, the stunning palace features striking Arab architecture and is one of the most impressive sights found in Damascus.
    Syria_Damascus_082.tif
  • Serjilla. Syria. View of the colonnaded facade of a double fronted villa at the dead city of Serjilla. Dating from the fifth century, the very large villa would have been completely fronted with columns and Corinthian capitals. Located in north-western Syria, the almost complete and eerie ghost town of Serjilla is home to extensive semi intact remains from the Byzantine period. The town was abandoned after the Arab conquest in the seventh.
    Syria_Serjilla_030.tif
  • Damascus. Syria. View of the facade of the main reception hall of the Azem Palace. Built in 1749-50 as private residence for the Ottoman governor of Damascus, the stunning palace features striking Arab architecture and is one of the most impressive sights found in Damascus.
    Syria_Damascus_078.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the beautiful and intricate wooden ceiling and inlaid chandelier of the sumptuous fourteenth century Throne Room. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_060.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the sumptuous fourteenth century Throne Room which is has a lavish and intricately carved wooden walls and ceiling with an ornate inlaid hanging wooden chandelier and paved marble floors with geometric patterns. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_056.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the impressive semi-dome back and cream stone entrance to the Mamluk throne room in the Citadel. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_055.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the impressive semi-dome back and cream stone entrance to the Mamluk throne room in the Citadel. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_054.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the strikingly decorated restored twelfth century entrance to the Ayyubid Palace within the Citadel. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_052.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View within the walls of the Citadel.  Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_051.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the imposing defensive tower and entrance bridge that leads to the Citadel’s monumental gateway. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_021.tif
  • Serjilla. Syria. View of remains of former house at the dead city of Serjilla. Located in north-western Syria, the almost complete and eerie ghost town of Serjilla is home to extensive semi intact remains from the Byzantine period. The town was abandoned after the Arab conquest in the seventh.
    Syria_Serjilla_027.tif
  • Serjilla. Syria. View of ruins of byzantine period stone buildings at the former prosperous and isolated dead city of Serjilla. Located in north-western Syria, the almost complete and eerie ghost town of Serjilla is home to extensive semi intact remains from the Byzantine period. The town was abandoned after the Arab conquest in the seventh.
    Syria_Serjilla_022.tif
  • Serjilla. Syria. View of the well preserved facade of the baths at the Dead city of Serjilla. The baths, built in 473 are among the most intact examples found in Syria and its existence indicates the degree of prosperity in the community at the time. Located in north-western Syria, the almost complete and eerie ghost town of Serjilla is home to extensive semi intact remains from the Byzantine period. The town was abandoned after the Arab conquest in the seventh.
    Syria_Serjilla_008.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. Pillars and porticoes line the central section of the Great Colonnade Street with the hilltop 17th century Arab castle of Qala at ibn Maan in the distance . Constructed in the 2nd century AD, the whole Great Colonnade street cuts through the ancient city from east to west and is more than one kilometre in length.
    Syria_Palmyra_102.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. Pillars and porticoes line the central section of the Great Colonnade Street with the hilltop 17th century Arab castle of Qala at ibn Maan in the distance . Constructed in the 2nd century AD, the whole Great Colonnade street cuts through the ancient city from east to west and is more than one kilometre in length. Half-way up each column are brackets that held projecting statues over the roadway. Palmyra is one the world’s great archaeological sites with architecture that fused Greek-Roman techniques with local traditions and Persian influences. The ruins seen today on its vast 50 hectares date from around the 2nd century AD. Palmyra is a UNSECO World Heritage Site.
    Syria_Palmyra_100.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. The towering Tetrapylon with its Corinthian columns dominate the central section of the Great Colonnade Street. In the background is the hilltop 17th century Arab castle or citadel of Qala at ibn Maan. The Tetrapylon which marks and masks the change of direction of the great Colonnade, has four independent pylons each consisting of four columns and stands on a moulded square plinth at the four corners of a stepped platform.
    Syria_Palmyra_095.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. Well preserved columns and porticoes line the second Transverse Street with the hilltop 17th century Arab castle of Qala at ibn Maan in the distance. Half-way up each column are brackets that held projecting statues over the roadway.
    Syria_Palmyra_088.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. Well preserved columns and porticoes line the second Transverse Street with the hilltop 17th century Arab castle of Qala at ibn Maan in the distance. Half-way up each column are brackets that held projecting statues over the roadway.
    Syria_Palmyra_087.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. Pillars and porticoes line the central section of the Great Colonnade Street with the hilltop 17th century Arab castle of Qala at ibn Maan in the distance . Constructed in the 2nd century AD, the whole Great Colonnade street cuts through the ancient city from east to west and is more than one kilometre in length.
    Syria_Palmyra_045.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. The towering Tetrapylon with its Corinthian columns dominate the central section of the Great Colonnade Street. In the background is the hilltop 17th century Arab castle or citadel of Qala at ibn Maan. The Tetrapylon which marks and masks the change of direction of the great Colonnade, has four independent pylons each consisting of four columns and stands on a moulded square plinth at the four corners of a stepped platform.
    Syria_Palmyra_004.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. Well preserved columns and porticoes line the second Transverse Street with the hilltop 17th century Arab castle of Qala at ibn Maan in the distance. Half-way up each column are brackets that held projecting statues over the roadway.
    Syria_Palmyra_003.tif
  • Damascus. Syria. View of section of the Azem Palace, beautifully decorated in a banded combination of black basalt, limestone and sandstone. Built in 1749-50 as private residence for the Ottoman governor of Damascus, the stunning palace features striking Arab architecture and is one of the most impressive sights found in Damascus.
    Syria_Damascus_083.tif
  • Damascus. Syria. View of narrow pathway at the Azem Palace, beautifully decorated in a banded combination of black basalt, limestone and sandstone. Built in 1749-50 as private residence for the Ottoman governor of Damascus, the stunning palace features striking Arab architecture and is one of the most impressive sights found in Damascus.
    Syria_Damascus_081.tif
  • Damascus. Syria. View of the mausoleum of Salah ud-Din completed in 1196. The original tomb which contains Saladin body is walnut wood and richly decorated and encased in glass. Due to the disrepair of the original tomb, a new white marble tomb was donated by German Kaiser Wilhelm in 1898. Saladin was adversary to the western crusaders and a seminal figure in Arab history.
    Syria_Damascus_040.tif
  • Damascus. Syria. View of the facade of the main reception hall of the Azem Palace. Built in 1749-50 as private residence for the Ottoman governor of Damascus, the stunning palace features striking Arab architecture and is one of the most impressive sights found in Damascus.
    Syria_Damascus_007.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. The impressive throne room courtyard in the Citadel is decorated in black and white stone paving. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_067.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the sumptuous fourteenth century Throne Room which is has a lavish and intricately carved wooden walls and ceiling with an ornate inlaid hanging wooden chandelier and paved marble floors with geometric patterns. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_066.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the beautiful and intricate wooden ceiling and inlaid chandelier of the sumptuous fourteenth century Throne Room. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_065.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the sumptuous fourteenth century Throne Room which is has a lavish and intricately carved wooden walls and ceiling with an ornate inlaid hanging wooden chandelier and paved marble floors with geometric patterns. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_062.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the beautiful and intricate wooden ceiling and inlaid chandelier of the sumptuous fourteenth century Throne Room. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_059.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the sumptuous fourteenth century Throne Room which is has a lavish and intricately carved wooden walls and ceiling with an ornate inlaid hanging wooden chandelier and paved marble floors with geometric patterns. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_057.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View within the walls of the Citadel.  Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_047.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the amphitheatre high in the internals of the Citadel.  Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_044.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View within the walls of the Citadel.  Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_045.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the centre of the Citadel.  Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_036.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View inside the Citadel with the minaret of the Great mosque visible in the background. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_037.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the centre of the Citadel.  Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_035.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View within the walls of the Citadel.  Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_034.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. Close-up view of one of the solid iron entry doors of the Citadel which are decked with upside down horseshoes to keep bad luck away. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_032.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View looking down from the Citadel’s gateway to the stepped entry bridge and defensive tower. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_029.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the imposing defensive tower and entrance bridge that leads to the Citadel’s monumental gateway. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_026.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View looking down from the Citadel’s gateway to the stepped entry bridge and defensive tower. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_027.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the imposing defensive tower and entrance bridge that leads to the Citadel’s monumental gateway. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_024.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View through palm trees of the imposing defensive tower and entrance bridge that leads to the Citadel’s monumental gateway. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_023.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the stepped rising entry bridge to the commanding great gateway of the Citadel. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_022.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the stepped rising entry bridge to the commanding great gateway of the Citadel. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_020.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the stepped rising entry bridge to the commanding great gateway of the Citadel. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_018.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the defensive tower and rising entry bridge to the imposing great gateway of the Citadel. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_016.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. An ornate lantern hangs at the arched inner entrance to the centre of the Citadel with the minaret of the Great mosque visible in the background. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_002.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View through palm trees of the imposing defensive tower and entrance bridge that leads to the Citadel’s monumental gateway. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_001.tif
  • Serjilla. Syria. View of ruins of the once tripled-naved church at the dead city of Serjilla. Located in north-western Syria, the almost complete and eerie ghost town of Serjilla is home to extensive semi intact remains from the Byzantine period. The town was abandoned after the Arab conquest in the seventh.
    Syria_Serjilla_038.tif
  • Serjilla. Syria. View of the colonnaded facade of a double fronted villa at the dead city of Serjilla. Dating from the fifth century, the very large villa would have been completely fronted with columns and Corinthian capitals. Located in north-western Syria, the almost complete and eerie ghost town of Serjilla is home to extensive semi intact remains from the Byzantine period. The town was abandoned after the Arab conquest in the seventh.
    Syria_Serjilla_031.tif
  • Serjilla. Syria. View of remains of former house at the dead city of Serjilla. Located in north-western Syria, the almost complete and eerie ghost town of Serjilla is home to extensive semi intact remains from the Byzantine period. The town was abandoned after the Arab conquest in the seventh.
    Syria_Serjilla_028.tif
  • Serjilla. Syria. View of remains of former house at the dead city of Serjilla. Located in north-western Syria, the almost complete and eerie ghost town of Serjilla is home to extensive semi intact remains from the Byzantine period. The town was abandoned after the Arab conquest in the seventh.
    Syria_Serjilla_026.tif
  • Serjilla. Syria. Stone work marked with a cross and a partial view of the facade of a two storey house at the dead city of Serjilla. Dating from the sixth century, the house has decorative moulding s around its doors and windows and would have been fronted with a double portico. Located in north-western Syria, the almost complete and eerie ghost town of Serjilla is home to extensive semi intact remains from the Byzantine period. The town was abandoned after the Arab conquest in the seventh.
    Syria_Serjilla_023.tif
  • Serjilla. Syria. View of the well preserved facade of the baths at the Dead city of Serjilla. The baths, built in 473 are among the most intact examples found in Syria and its existence indicates the degree of prosperity in the community at the time. Located in north-western Syria, the almost complete and eerie ghost town of Serjilla is home to extensive semi intact remains from the Byzantine period. The town was abandoned after the Arab conquest in the seventh.
    Syria_Serjilla_010.tif
  • Serjilla. Syria.  Side view of the meeting hall and baths at the dead city of Serjilla. Both buildings date from around the fifth century and are considered to be two of the most perfectly preserved buildings of all the dead towns in Syria. Located in north-western Syria, the almost complete and eerie ghost town of Serjilla is home to extensive semi intact remains from the Byzantine period. The town was abandoned after the Arab conquest in the seventh.
    Syria_Serjilla_006.tif
  • Serjilla. Syria. Abandoned Byzantine sarcophagi are scattered around the necropolis of the Dead city of Serjilla.  Located in north-western Syria, the almost complete and eerie ghost town of Serjilla is home to extensive semi intact remains from the Byzantine period. The town was abandoned after the Arab conquest in the seventh century.
    Syria_Serjilla_003.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. Well preserved columns and porticoes line the second Transverse Street with the hilltop 17th century Arab castle of Qala at ibn Maan in the distance. Half-way up each column are brackets that held projecting statues over the roadway.
    Syria_Palmyra_089.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. Pillars and porticoes line the central section of the Great Colonnade Street with the hilltop 17th century Arab castle of Qala at ibn Maan in the distance . Constructed in the 2nd century AD, the whole Great Colonnade street cuts through the ancient city from east to west and is more than one kilometre in length.
    Syria_Palmyra_053.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. Pillars and porticoes line the central section of the Great Colonnade Street with the hilltop 17th century Arab castle of Qala at ibn Maan in the distance . Constructed in the 2nd century AD, the whole Great Colonnade street cuts through the ancient city from east to west and is more than one kilometre in length.
    Syria_Palmyra_046.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. Pillars and porticoes line the central section of the Great Colonnade Street with the hilltop 17th century Arab castle of Qala at ibn Maan in the distance . Constructed in the 2nd century AD, the whole Great Colonnade street cuts through the ancient city from east to west and is more than one kilometre in length.
    Syria_Palmyra_016.tif
  • Palmyra. Syria. The towering Tetrapylon with its Corinthian columns dominate the central section of the Great Colonnade Street. In the background is the hilltop 17th century Arab castle or citadel of Qala at ibn Maan. The Tetrapylon which marks and masks the change of direction of the great Colonnade, has four independent pylons each consisting of four columns and stands on a moulded square plinth at the four corners of a stepped platform.
    Syria_Palmyra_004.tif
  • Damascus. Syria. View of part of the Ottoman columned portico along north wall of the Azem Palace. Built in 1749-50 as private residence for the Ottoman governor of Damascus, the stunning palace features striking Arab architecture and is one of the most impressive sights found in Damascus. The Palace buildings are decorated beautifully with a hooped combination of black basalt, limestone and sandstone and the main courtyard is a shady and tranquil setting complete with pools and fountains. Damascus is the capital of Syria and one of the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world.
    Syria_Damascus_079.tif
  • Damascus. Syria. View of part of the Ottoman columned portico along north wall of the Azem Palace. Built in 1749-50 as private residence for the Ottoman governor of Damascus, the stunning palace features striking Arab architecture and is one of the most impressive sights found in Damascus.
    Syria_Damascus_080.tif
  • Damascus. Syria. View of part of the Ottoman columned portico along north wall of the Azem Palace. Built in 1749-50 as private residence for the Ottoman governor of Damascus, the stunning palace features striking Arab architecture and is one of the most impressive sights found in Damascus. The Palace buildings are decorated beautifully with a hooped combination of black basalt, limestone and sandstone and the main courtyard is a shady and tranquil setting complete with pools and fountains. Damascus is the capital of Syria and one of the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world.
    Syria_Damascus_077.tif
  • Damascus. Syria. View of part of the Ottoman columned portico along north wall of the Azem Palace. Built in 1749-50 as private residence for the Ottoman governor of Damascus, the stunning palace features striking Arab architecture and is one of the most impressive sights found in Damascus.
    Syria_Damascus_076.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the sumptuous fourteenth century Throne Room which is has a lavish and intricately carved wooden walls and ceiling with an ornate inlaid hanging wooden chandelier and paved marble floors with geometric patterns. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_064.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. Close-up view of beautiful and intricate painted wooden carved ceiling of the sumptuous fourteenth century Throne Room. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_063.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the beautiful and intricate wooden ceiling and inlaid chandelier of the sumptuous fourteenth century Throne Room. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_061.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the sumptuous fourteenth century Throne Room which is has a lavish and intricately carved wooden walls and ceiling with an ornate inlaid hanging wooden chandelier and paved marble floors with geometric patterns. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_058.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the strikingly decorated restored twelfth century entrance to the Ayyubid Palace within the Citadel. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_053.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View within the walls of the Citadel.  Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_050.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View within the walls of the Citadel.  Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_049.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View within the walls of the Citadel.  Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_048.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View within the walls of the Citadel.  Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_046.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the amphitheatre high in the internals of the Citadel.  Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_043.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. An ornate lantern hangs at the arched inner entrance to the centre of the Citadel with the minaret of the Great mosque visible in the background. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_033.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. Close-up view of one of the solid iron entry doors of the Citadel which are decked with upside down horseshoes to keep bad luck away. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_031.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. Close-up view of one of the solid iron entry doors of the Citadel which curiously are laden with a good luck  single upside horseshoe which is surrounded by upside down horseshoes to keep bad luck away. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_030.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View looking down from the Citadel’s gateway to the stepped entry bridge and defensive tower. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_028.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the imposing defensive tower and entrance bridge that leads to the Citadel’s monumental gateway. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_025.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the stepped rising entry bridge to the commanding great gateway of the Citadel. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_019.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the stepped rising entry bridge to the commanding great gateway of the Citadel. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_017.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the sumptuous fourteenth century Throne Room which is has a lavish and intricately carved wooden walls and ceiling with an ornate inlaid hanging wooden chandelier and paved marble floors with geometric patterns. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_009.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the encircling moat, defensive tower and rising entry bridge to the imposing great gateway of the Citadel. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_004.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. An ornate lantern hangs at the arched inner entrance to the centre of the Citadel with the minaret of the Great mosque visible in the background. Situated on a 55 meters high mound that has had different forms of defences for at least two thousand years, the impressive Citadel dominates the centre of Aleppo and is the city’s most spectacular sight.  The fortifications and mosques and palaces inside the citadel are largely from the 12th and 13th centuries and whole complex is considered a masterpiece of Arab and medieval military architecture. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_003.tif
  • Krak des Chevaliers. Syria. View of the east side of Krac des Chevalies, one of the greatest crusader castles. Largely built by the Christian Knights Hospitaller who occupied it around the 12th century, the strategically positioned castle lays on a volcanic crater with a view of Homs gap which gave access to the Mediterranean coast and interior of Syria. The castle eventually fell to the armies of Islam who occupied the building for hundreds of years and strengthened the defences further. Gothic, Romanesque and Arabic architectural elements and legacies are found throughout the well preserved castle which is one of the greatest masterpieces of military architecture found anywhere in the world.
    Syria_Krak_des_Chevaliers_080.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the beautiful seventieth century Ottoman influenced Arabic courtyard of the Dar Zamaria Martini hotel in the heart of the old Jedaideh district in Aleppo. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_069.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of the beautiful seventieth century Ottoman influenced Arabic courtyard of the Dar Zamaria Martini hotel in the heart of the old Jedaideh district in Aleppo. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_068.tif
  • Krak des Chevaliers. Syria. View of the valley below and the outer wall defences of the south east side of the crusader castle. Largely built by the Christian Knights Hospitaller who occupied it around the 12th century, the strategically positioned castle lays on a volcanic crater with a view of Homs gap which gave access to the Mediterranean coast and interior of Syria. The castle eventually fell to the armies of Islam who occupied the building for hundreds of years and strengthened the defences further. Gothic, Romanesque and Arabic architectural elements and legacies are found throughout the well preserved castle which is one of the greatest masterpieces of military architecture found anywhere in the world.
    Syria_Krak_des_Chevaliers_071.tif
  • Krak des Chevaliers. Syria. View of the great slope of masonry supporting three towers on the south side the crusader castle. Largely built by the Christian Knights Hospitaller who occupied it around the 12th century, the strategically positioned castle lays on a volcanic crater with a view of Homs gap which gave access to the Mediterranean coast and interior of Syria. The castle eventually fell to the armies of Islam who occupied the building for hundreds of years and strengthened the defences further. Gothic, Romanesque and Arabic architectural elements and legacies are found throughout the well preserved castle which is one of the greatest masterpieces of military architecture found anywhere in the world.
    Syria_Krak_des_Chevaliers_026.tif
  • Aleppo. Syria. View of  ornate giant Arabic tea pots at the Khan ash-Shouna or Handicrafts market which is opposite the entrance to the Citadel. Aleppo is Syria’s second largest city and it is said to be among the oldest continuously populated cities in the world.
    Syria_Aleppo_012.tif
  • Krak des Chevaliers. Syria. View of the great slope of masonry supporting three towers on the south side the crusader castle. Largely built by the Christian Knights Hospitaller who occupied it around the 12th century, the strategically positioned castle lays on a volcanic crater with a view of Homs gap which gave access to the Mediterranean coast and interior of Syria. The castle eventually fell to the armies of Islam who occupied the building for hundreds of years and strengthened the defences further. Gothic, Romanesque and Arabic architectural elements and legacies are found throughout the well preserved castle which is one of the greatest masterpieces of military architecture found anywhere in the world.
    Syria_Krak_des_Chevaliers_025.tif
  • Tripoli. Libya. View of the Red castle whose foundations date back to the 7th century AD and has until the 20th century represented the seat of power in the region. Over time it has been occupied by various invaders, including the Spanish, the knights of St John, Ottomans and Arabs and it defences have been built up and added to over the past 1000 years. Today it houses the magnificent National Museum or Jamahiriya Museum.
    LIbya_Tripoli_140.tif
  • Tripoli. Libya. View of the Red castle whose foundations date back to the 7th century AD and has until the 20th century represented the seat of power in the region. Over time it has been occupied by various invaders, including the Spanish, the knights of St John, Ottomans and Arabs and it defences have been built up and added to over the past 1000 years. Today it houses the magnificent National Museum or Jamahiriya Museum.
    LIbya_Tripoli_139.tif
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